Ethical+Issues+for+Safety+and+Security

=** Let's Dig a Little Deeper into the ethical issues for safety and security. **= =We know that:=  ** Computers have occupied a prominent place in our schools and homes. They are, for example, the only major technology that was pushed from the home and community into the schools. The growing massive infusion of computers and the resources they require, however, has created some newly emerging issues that require urgent attentio n. ** Security is an important issue in schools related to technology. Children and adults alike need to be educated about the negative issues of computer use. Cyber bullying, harassment, identity theft and the use of secured and unsecured Internet sites are issues that students must know about to be safe when using the Internet. The exploitation of children on the Internet is a significant issue that not only is a direct threat to the child but a drain on investigative services. As new scams and inappropriate sites are back-linked or renamed to confuse browsers, the more students need to be educated on up-to-date strategies to recognize them. **Let us first look at Computer Ethics in the News﻿: "Judge Marilyn Hall Patel ruled that Napster, an online music sharing program violated U.S. copyright laws. Napster must now make all copyright material unavailable" (CNET News). ** media type="youtube" key="CSpzW8bkkPc" height="349" width="560"    **Social Networking **  Online [|social networking] could be used as a digital literacy tool for staff and students. For example, setting up an online profile to promote the school, as part of your e-safety activity, or to encourage collaboration and teamwork amongst your students in the classroom. Class bogs (blogspot)are a great way for students and teachers to communicate. There are many search engine sites and video sharing sites that can also be useful. These kind of technologies can certainly help to engage your students in the curriculum, but you should avoid using personal materials - such as your own social networking profile or a video of you that's been posted online. ** Perhaps the biggest online social networking drawback is that it makes identity theft easier. In order to create a profile on a social networking site, you have to share some information about yourself. ** The problem is that if you don't share any information, none of your friends will be able to find you on the site. That defeats the purpose of a social networking site in the first place. Another danger is that scammers use social networking sites to trick people into downloading malicious software (malware). A common tactic is to use social engineering. Social engineering plays on human nature to get results. Social networking can be both overwhelming and addictive at the same time. If you join every social network and add hundreds of people as friends, you'll receive updates constantly. It'll become difficult to see any one individual's updates. You'll have a lot of noise to filter out if you want to find something specific. And you may find yourself checking for updates several times throughout the day when you really should be doing something else. media type="youtube" key="h8QUkSRtMug" height="349" width="425"
 * Critical Issues: **
 * Teacher Suggestions: **
 * Refer to your school's Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) before incorporating new technologies in your teaching - most UK schools block access to social networking sites on school computers, for example.
 * Speak to your e-safety co-ordinator or technical support staff.
 * If your school allows access to social networking sites, you can find guidance on how to use social networking as a professional tool on the Digizen website.
 * Teachers should inform students that they must keep their birthdate, age, and location private on these sites.
 * Teachers should make their students sign an online agreement stating that they will use the sites appropriately.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">limit time on computers for students

<span style="color: #ff00b1; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: large;">**Acceptable Use Policies** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium;"> "In response to the growing use of the Internet in classrooms, many schools have implemented Acceptable Use Policies (AUPs) to ensure that school computers are being used in a safe, relevant and appropriate manner" (Media Awareness Network). At the school level, an AUP acts as a written contract between administrators, teachers, parents and students. It outlines the terms and conditions for Internet use by defining access privileges, rules of online behaviour, and the consequences for violating those rules. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium;">** A downside of AUPs is that because they emphasize surveillance and control rather than supervision and guidance, they imply an absence of trust in students. ** Although some AUPs attempt to protect school boards from legal liability, the mere fact that schools or boards assume the role of "gatekeepers" may actually set them up for litigation if students are exposed to questionable material. In such an environment, administrators can understandably become edgy about topics that seem controversial -and this can lead them to restrict or deny students access to some information. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 16px;"> The school board's legal counsel should approve the AUP before it is distributed. > The school board's legal counsel should approve the AUP before it is distributed.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">﻿Critical Issues: **
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">Teacher Suggestions: **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 16px;"> **Serve as a legal document.**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 16px;">**Serve as a legal document.**

> An AUP should include not just rules of behaviour, but also a statement about the school's position on Internet use.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 16px;">**Be complete.**

> Since the Internet is constantly evolving, an AUP cannot anticipate every possible situation. It should address this fact, and be capable of modifications to cover circumstances not outlined. You may need to update the AUP as new issues arise.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 16px;">**Be adaptable.**

> Every school or district is different - both in terms of the technology available, and in terms of who has access to the network; who maintains the network; and who teaches school personnel and/or students how to use the network.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 16px;">**Be unique to your school.**

> If students follow the AUP's rules, their exposure to questionable material should be minimized. The AUP can also protect them from dangerous online behaviour, such as giving out their names and addresses to strangers.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 16px;">**Protect students.**

> An AUP outlines to parents how their children will learn on the Internet, and how they will be supervised while on i t.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 16px;">**Inform parents.**

=<span style="color: #ff00b1; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: large; line-height: normal;">**Netiquette** = <span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px;">Is defined as, "the rules of etiquette that apply when communicating over computer networks, especially the internet" (Dictionary.com). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 15px;">Some schools, alarmed by the misspellings, emoticons, and flippant tone that can characterize students' digital communication, have begun to teach online etiquette. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 24px;">**Critical Issues:** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium;">Students risks the chance of being perceived rude if they do not use the proper netiquette.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"> **Teachers Suggestions:** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"> Teach your students- ==<span style="color: #ff00b1; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: large; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">**Cyber Bullying** == ==<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; line-height: 24px;">Another danger lurking on the Internet is hate groups. These groups often masquerade as information or research groups. However, when students begin perusing the websites more deeply, the material becomes more racist or ethnically intolerant. This hate speech is covered by the First Amendment and cannot be removed or even regulated. Most hate group sites should be filtered by school software, but it is imperative that parents and teachers discuss these groups with students. Students should be warned that they cannot believe everything they read or see online. Supervision and frank discussion are extremely useful to combat hate speech. ==
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">Teach your child how to avoid sending junk <span class="IL_SPAN">emails
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"> Make your child aware about how to avoid controversies (do not use capitals the whole time you are typing)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">Help the child send the message to the right person

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">**Critical Issues:**
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">One of the most important concepts to consider when discussing cyber communication is disinhibition. This is when people say or do things online that they wouldn’t in “real life. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium;">Educating the kids about the consequences helps. Teaching them to respect others and to take a stand against bullying of all kinds helps too. <span style="color: #ff00b1; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium;">** Because their motives differ, the solutions and responses to each type of cyberbullying incident has to differ too. Unfortunately, there is no "one size fits all" when cyberbullying is concerned. ** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #ff00b1; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: large;">**Student Data** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) (20 U.S.C. § 1232g; 34 CFR Part 99) is a Federal law that protects the privacy of student education records. The law applies to all schools that receive funds under an applicable program of the U.S. Department of Education. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium;">Critical Issues: ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 24px;">School could risk liability if a student's information was placed in the wrong person's hands.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Teacher Suggestions: **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px;">**Teacher Suggestions:**
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium;">Teachers need an up to date way to delete or save a student's data. Teachers also need to be aware of the federal, state, and local laws and regulations regarding student information collected.

<span style="color: #ff00b1; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: large; line-height: 27px;">**Internet Privacy** > **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Critical Issues: ****<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">" **<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Today, one of the fastest-growing businesses on the Internet is something called data mining: companies collecting our private information, packaging it, using it, selling it" (www.cbsnews.com). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium;">**Teacher Suggestions:** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium;">Teacher should instal online filtering programs and they shoulld switch the security controls. This allows the teacher or administrator to review the sites that the children are using.
 * <span style="border: 0px initial initial; clear: left; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px initial initial; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: medium;">Student privacy can be compromised severely by Internet usage. Teachers and parents should discourage students from revealing personal information online. Students should never give their names, pictures or any identifying information to anyone online. Student accounts should always go through a school server. Social networking sites should be blocked by school network filters to discourage the sharing of personal information from the school setting. As with all other social issues related to the Internet, education and supervision of students is crucial to protecting students' privacy.